Tuesday, August 12, 2025

Steve Levitt | Deaf Heaven / 1993

witness

by Douglas Messerli

 

Douglas Shurtleff Cole (screenplay), Steve Levitt (director) Deaf Heaven / 1993

 

Coming almost from the other end from the big blockbuster Hollywood movie about AIDS in 1993, Philadelphia, was the indie, under-budgeted short work, directed by Steve Levitt, Deaf Heaven. And yet how is it possible that the short film seems to me so very much more profound and believable, despite the couple of avowed “miracles” that are described in this film? Perhaps it’s as simple as the fact that, despite its own moments of sentimentalism, Levitt’s short does not force your tears, but permits them to well up in your eyes out of true empathy, and not only for the poor young man, Paul (Charley Lang) who is trying desperately to cope with the impending death from AIDS of his lover Matthew (Kyle Secor), but for a man whose wife and children were killed in Auschwitz almost 50 years earlier.

     In even comparing the Holocaust with AIDS, writer Douglas Shurtleff Cole is in dangerous territory.*  Fortunately, Cole does not attempt to make grand analogies, and approaches the subject only in terms of the two individuals, in this case Paul and an elderly survivor of Auschwitz, Jake (played by memorable Yiddish actor David Opatoshu) who have had to face the death of their still young loved ones by a force that is beyond explanation.


     Like most AIDS dramas, much of the action takes place in the hospital room of the one who is dying. In this case Matthew, suffering from great pain, has been provided intense painkillers which take his mind into delusionary worlds: he is skiing at a lodge with his lover, is about to embark on a long sea cruise. His ability to perceive the world with any normality of perception is minimal.

     That might be fine, even for the lover who finds himself already bereaving a lost companion, if it were not that the hospital has just received word from Matthew’s parents—who in the long period of the diagnosis and gradual illness have never once flown out to see him of even telephoned him except to say the disease he suffers is God’s vengeance—that they would like him to be flown back to Kansas to see out the end of his life. In short, they would take their son away from his true family, his companion of 7 years, to salve their guilty conscience with a few months or even weeks of home care for the son whose sexuality they have never accepted.

     As a young couple Matthew and Paul have not yet made out their wills or drawn up legal papers, and in 1993, long before any possibility of marriage rights, parents and other family members could easily tear apart loving gay couples, even disallowing the partner to attend the funeral or claiming legal rights over shared property. As the head doctor, entirely sympathetic to Paul, attempts to explain, the hospital can do little but ascertain the patient’s level of acuity and determine his wishes—all at a time when Matthew hardly knows where he is, let alone who he is and with whom he would like to remain.

      Troubled, Paul goes for his daily swim at a nearby club, envisioning nightmarish scenes of Matthew’s drowning body and himself suffering the delusions of the mind that often accompany such stress. Sitting in the sauna with the elder Jewish man, Jake, Paul finally lets go, breaking down into sobs.

     Jake pulls him out of the sauna, forces him to drink some water, and sits down with him to have a conversation. When he discovers that a friend of the boy’s is dying, he recounts his own story of how the Nazis had killed his wife and son, but he had kept them alive through a small picture he hid in his boot, speaking with them daily, helping his son to grow up in his imagination as the years passed; and miraculously, he survived when so many thousands of those around him did not. Paul appreciates his help in creating a perspective upon his own situation, and, without the film even saying it, clearly vows to keep Matthew alive, no matter what happens, within his own mind and heart.

      As the friend head nurse, Libby (Anna Maria Horsford) prepares to leave for the day, Paul relays his terror about the next day when the doctors will interview Matthew. She suggests that he pray, but Paul dismisses her request, saying he’s not a believer. Her response is an almost furious protest, attesting to her belief that God doesn’t a care a damn whether you believe in him or not, but if he cares enough about Matthew, he will still ask for His help. She admits that she prays for each of the patients in her ward each morning before she leaves for work.

  

    Paul attempts to break through Matthew’s dementia, eventually falling to sleep on the same small bed where is lover lays dying. The doctors arrive, and send Paul off to a nearby chair, as they attempt to interview Matthew, who is now clearly very much in pain. Nonetheless, he speaks rather coherently in answer to their questions, recognizing that he is ill and “will likely die.” When asked who is family is, he points to Paul whom he describes as “that lug over there in the chair.” And when asked if he might like to go home, he responds that his only home is with Paul.

      As Paul later describes the event to Jake, who makes a special visit to the hospital just to support Paul in his time of sorrow, “a miracle of sorts” has occurred in that room, describing Libby as an angel. Matthew himself has more logically explained events, after his interview, telling Paul that he needs the shots of mind-altering medication just to get through the pain, but promises he will try to “awaken” again before he dies to say goodbye properly to Paul.


      Jake, amazed to hear of the miracle, asks how is friend is, Paul finally admitting that he is not a friend, but a lover, Jakes recognizing what that means, having learned about homosexuality, he claims, from TV. Jake asks if Paul himself has also been stricken by AIDS, the young man relating that without being able to explain it he has remained HIV-negative. And with that information, Jake suddenly describes his role, like one he himself as taken on, as being one of the “Aydes,” given the job of being witness to what has happened, to help explain to future generations how so many beautiful young people suddenly came to die. It is not a joyful role, and some of those who undertook it, later themselves died of the sorrow, and in the case of AIDS epidemic, of the disease itself.

      To be honest, the most compelling witnesses, at least for me, were the early filmmakers, who began creating movies that at the time, in the early 1980s, no one wanted to see, works such as Nik Sheehan’s No Sad Songs (1985), Arthur J. Bressan’s Buddies (1985), John Erman’s An Early Frost (1985), Bill Sherwood’s Parting Glances (1986), Jerry Tartaglia’s A.I.D.S.C.R.E.A.M (1988), and Norman René’s Longtime Companion (1989). But of the second wave of these important testimonies to AIDS victims, I’d argue that Levitt’s short film is one of the best.

      

*AIDS is a disease that makes no choice in who it kills. Despite the fact that it has taken the lives globally of approximately 41.6 million individuals to date, it is estimated that 650,000 of those were due to AIDS, a similar number of homosexuals and previously convicted criminals who died in the German death camps where approximately 6 million Jewish people were exterminated (US Holocaust Memorial Museum, Holocaust Encyclopedia). In short to compare the attempted extermination by human beings of those of a particular religious belief or heritage with a basically indiscriminate disease that, due to its spread through sexual contact, struck down a large number of homosexual men is not an appropriate, the one involving only human hate, the other primarily the cause of a disease that has no will but to survive as a virus.

 

Los Angeles, April 13, 2023

Reprinted from World Cinema Review (April 2023).

 

Jonathan Demme | Philadelphia / 1993

i’m ready

by Douglas Messerli

 

Ron Nyswaner (screenwriter), Jonathan Demme (director) Philadelphia / 1993

 

For some rather inexplicable reasons, I did not see the movie Philadelphia in 1993, when it originally appeared in Los Angeles. My husband Howard did, but not I, and I only visited it on Netflix the other day, 27 long years after its first appearance.

     Although I have no justifiable excuse for my long reluctance to see this film, I can partially explain it: Tom Hanks is a reliable actor and I am sure is one of the nicest persons in the film community. But his constant portrayals of somewhat blundering straight men have basically left me cold. For him to play a big firm lawyer, suddenly discovered to have acquired AIDS and his gay life behind it, required, I felt, more than a little imagination. Why might they not have chosen an openly gay actor or even a hidden gay actor in the Cary Grant mode?



      Hanks reminds me a bit of the truly talented Meryl Streep, who can wonderfully mime almost any character she plays; but where is the real person behind the figures both she and Hanks portray? More and more, I perceive, I like actors who bring their own personalities into their roles: Bette Davis, Kathryn Hepburn, Cary Grant, Marlon Brando, Al Pacino—every one of them over-acting, but yet bringing their own identities into their performances. Hanks and Streep are just as talented, perhaps, but they lose themselves in their acting personalities as they adeptly transform their own beings into the characters they portray. In a sense they are deep deceivers, actors who become someone else in the process of their art. I never liked chameleons. 


     Hanks won an Academy Award for pretending to be a gay man with AIDS. Hepburn won several awards for being Kathryn Hepburn, a smart, fast-talking, independent-minded, probably lesbian woman, who flew planes, talked down her male companions, and chewed-up her stories with her obviously New England upbringing. Grant played the lover to men and women equally, recognizing his own personal sexuality and charm. Just by refusing a breast over a leg in Hitchcock’s To Catch a Thief, you knew he was somehow an honest human being, a bit removed from Grace Kelly’s ferocious sexual approaches.

     Somehow Hanks seems clumsy in being the lover of both Jason Robards—as the legal firm’s leader, whom we recognize is a man desperately seeking a son, hugging the man he has chosen to his breast—and the always beautiful and extremely intense lover Miguel Alvarez (Antonio Banderas). The character Hanks plays, Andrew Beckett, seems to be on both sides of the various issues the movie explores: is he a calculating explorer destroying young companies through his legal actions, while still tenderly relating to his handsome lover?

     In short, I don’t quite trust the character, let alone believe in the absolutely loving Beckett’s family, father, mother (and who could disbelieve Joanne Woodward?), sisters, brother who support him despite the viral conditions of Andrew Beckett’s life. It may have been true, inspired (some say based on the story of lawyer Geoffrey Bowers), but it doesn’t ring out as a truthful statement of the era. In his roles Hanks likes to portray morally responsible figures smudged-out and up by an evil society at large. In reality, love was not so very easy, family and friends preferring to turn away from those who had suddenly HIV death-sentences, and they were terrified in those early days of acquiring the newly-discovered disease themselves.


     As the movie declares, many felt it was a disease actually chosen by those suffering from its consequences. By this time, it may have been, since we all suddenly began to discover how we might get infected; yet what can you do when you love and need to be loved by those of the same sex? The truth has still today to not be fully explored: how and why were so many young gay men destroyed by some disease that apparently might have come out of Africa? And yet today thousands are still suffering, many of whom, despite new drug regimens, will surely die.

      Yet, in retrospect, how could you not enjoy this Jonathan Demme film, filled, as it is, to the gills with some of the best performers of the period, Hanks, Mary Steenburgen, Banderas, Woodward, Karen Finley, Bradley Whitford, and Anna Deavere Smith?

     And then Joe Miller (Denzel Washington) enters, a successful black man who carries his homophobic upbringing as a chip on his shoulder, yet who gradually grows to perceive how mistaken he has been and even develops his own kind of love for the dying Beckett. One might almost imagine that Miller represents the kind of Godot Beckett was eternally waiting for.


    This “grinder of the grain,” the original meaning of Miller’s last name, boils down the legal issues that Beckett has quickly established, deciding despite his own fears of AIDS, to represent (after nine other lawyers’ refusals) Beckett’s petition of the unfairness of his being fired from his job for having AIDS.

      Washington is a brilliant actor always and plays this role almost as a reverse of the understandably pontificating Beckett as he gradually perceives that the prejudice that Beckett has been subject to is not so very different from what he has experienced all his life.

      Fortunately, screenwriter Ron Nyswaner does not make too much of this, allowing us to fill in the blanks of the slowly comprehending legal defendant.

      Miller wins his case with a 5-million-dollar compensation for the dying Beckett, but in this film it hardly matters. The plaintive dies soon after, celebrated in his family’s home by a memorial that almost wipes out his real significance, portraying only his happy early days as a child on home movies.

      I guess, even in 1993, I sensed that this totally Hollywood film was not the way to truly comprehend what had happened to so many gay men, lesbians, bisexual, transgender, and other sexual people—not to forget the millions of straight women and men who have died from the terrifying disease.

      In the end, Philadelphia—a city in which I lived many days each week in that very same period—is a strange version of a “feel-good” movie. But who can truly feel good when a man dies just for going to bed with a lover? Or when a woman dies for simply having sex with her husband?

     And I must confess, I cried throughout the entire film—which, of course, is the reaction that allowed it so many awards in its time. Perhaps seeing it so late in my life, so long after the worst of the AIDS infections, is simply better. It’s a good movie about important issues. But the devastation of the disease was not won by large legal compensations, but simply by death. As Beckett can only admit near the end of this film, “I’m ready.” You truly can’t take it with you.

 

Los Angeles, January 22, 2020

Reprinted from World Cinema Review (January 2020).

John Greyson | Zero Patience / 1993

an imaginary conversation with the director

by Douglas Messerli


John Greyson (screenwriter and director), Glenn Schellenberg (music) Zero Patience / 1993

 

I can just imagine the excitement John Greyson may have exhibited to close friends in 1992 or earlier when he imagined making a movie musical about AIDS. “Wow, what an idea,” a friend might have offered up in encouragement for the ever-inventive mind of Canada’s premier LGBTQ filmmaker, who had already made notable short films such as The Perils of Pedagogy, Kipling Meets the Cowboy, Moscow Does Not Believe in Queers and the feature film Pissoir.

     But Greyson would also have had a friend knowledgeable about musical theater who might have reminded him that there already had been a musical about AIDS, the moving trilogy of short works by William Finn and James Lapine In Trousers (1979), March of the Falsettos (1981), and Falsettoland (1990), gathered together for an off-Broadway premier as Falsettos just that year.


      “Oh, I know all about that,” Greyson responds, “but that’s just about an ordinary queer, his lover, his ex-wife, and their confused son. The stars of my musical are that great Victorian Sir Richard Francis Burton (John Robinson), translator of The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night in 17 volumes, The Kama Sutra, and were it not for his wife destroying the manuscript after  his death, the notorious The Perfumed Garden (most of which remains in manuscript at the Huntington Library), as well as working on the side as a sexologist, noted for his measurements of the lengths of pennies throughout his extensive travels in Africa and the Arabian world, as well as gathering up information, Alfred Kinsey-style, of the various sexual techniques in the regions he visited—all strongly hinting that he had participated in these practices, shocking the Victorian world for breaking both sexual and racial taboos. He also wrote the first major study of pederasty (the word the Victorians used to describe homosexuality), the longest and most explicit discussion in any language of the time about male homosexuality, which he argued was prevalent primarily in the southern latitudes—what he described as the ‘Sotadic zone’—freeing up his fellow Britons of having to worry about such barbaric practices being performed on British soil, and probably allowing, accordingly, his work to be seen as scientific research while saving the real gay Britons from undue suspicion.”

       “Really?” a good friend perhaps queried. “You think you’ll find an audience for that?”

      “O, don’t worry,” I can hear Greyson joyfully proceeding in his enthusiastic discussion. My real hero is the French-Canadian airlines steward Gaëtan Dugas (Normand Fauteux).”

        “Who?” his friends must have unanimously queried him.

        “Patient Zero. You know, the guy who those hysterically stricken by the AIDS epidemic convinced everyone was the beautiful boy who brought AIDS to North America and through his shameless sexual activities in gay bath houses, through bar pickups, and just general sexual mixing was responsible for infecting half of the gay population before anyone even knew what the problem was.

       But Zero was only the fall guy, since we now know AIDS was around decades before it first showed up in the tests in 1968—and was later found to be responsible for the death the St. Louis teenager Robert Rayford infected in 1959—so in my film Zero will come back as a ghost to clear his name and stop Burton, who miraculously is still living due to contact with the Fountain of  Youth, from creating a museum exhibition featuring him in the Natural History Museum Hall of Contagion.


      Being a product of the establishment, Burton will not be easily convinced of course, but is intrigued by his handsome young companion with whom he soon falls in love, discovering that the medical establishment, without ever claiming Dugas was the original carrier, helped others promulgate the idea. Burton, moreover, found the profession imitating his own unscientific conclusions that the source of all evils were the wild African monkeys, the red-capped mangabey and the greater spot-nosed monkey, who through their consumption passed on HIV to the chimpanzees, who transmitted it to humans. So one of my stars will have to be an African Green Monkey (Marla Lukofsky) who will deny responsibility as well—the theory has never been fully proven—and another will have to be Miss HIV (Michael Callen) herself, who suggests it’s not her that kills off people who carry her virus in their systems but a whole bunch of other pathogens.


       My composer Glenn Schellenberg created a great song for her, ‘Scheherazade,’ because everything about AIDS, after all, is just a series of stories, the accusations that it is a ‘gay disease,’ the refusal of governments to even believe in its importance or existence, and the drug companies fibs told to explain the impossibly high prices they charge to help alleviate the symptoms—when the pills work.

      And obviously there have to be a whole chorus of ACT UP representatives (Van Flores, Scott Hurst, Duncan McIntosh, and Dianne Heatherington) who help make Burton see the error of his ways and protest the Gilbert & Sullivan Drug Corporation who are sponsoring the “contagion” show.

      Glen has put together some great songs for Burton’s visit to the bathhouse, one called ‘Pop-A-Boner,’ and an event more egregious song for the singing assholes of Burton and Zero when they spend their first night in bed together. Burton, being British, is simply terrified of the pain.  And then....there’s a great love song between Burton and Zero after Zero is tired of it all and just wants to disappear out of human memory, ‘Six or Seven Things’ they can no longer say to one another, but wish they had.”


       “All right, all right, John, you’ve convinced us that you’ve truly gone insane this time and are about to release a work so damn transgressive that no one can possibly embrace it fully. The LGBTQ community won’t like it because it brings up all those terrible accusations about AIDS being a gay disease, the suggestion that it was transmitted to the North American populations by a gay man, and reiterates the whole issue of their seemingly uncontrolled sexual appetites. The ACT UP group is presented as a gathering of arguing people clinging to their purpose until fallen by various cancers, blindness, and other symptoms of diseases the body suffers when its immune system no longer can protect it.

       And of course, the heteronormative society will detest your comic satire of the medical, museum, business, and governmental establishments. And they’ll be offended that, at moments at least, you seem to be taking the LGBTQ community seriously.

       And as for the film critics, certainly they won’t know what to make of your strange mix of anachronistic characters, potpourri of genres, and various levels of camp, vaudeville, and high school locker room performative humor. Are you sure you want to make this film, John?”

 

Fortunately, Greyson stuck to his original intentions, creating a work that spins in an orbit so akilter to all other films that it rubs up against all conventions about AIDS and the stories we have told ourselves to fall to sleep knowing of the horrible contagion that, unlike the more recent COVID epidemic, still has no completely explicable cause or cure.

      There are parallels of course; COVID is believed by those who like to imagine that all things bad come from a world outside of their own has come to us from bats (or even unforgiveable medical-military experiments) in China; and many who might die from the disease are still convinced that there is no reliable vaccine to protect them from its ravages. But, at least, COVID is recognized as an equal opportunity killer, and not perceived as being mysteriously transmitted only by perverted homosexual opportunists who stand against every moral fiber of heterosexual normalcy.


      But through his unorthodoxy Greyson is able to ask enough questions that force any intelligent viewer of his movie to reconsider everything, including the fantastical explanations of our sexual

desires inherited from what is now more than century and a half ago, strangely resurrected, in part, by the rise of AIDS. Greyson isn’t afraid, moreover, of showing the gay world as truly and openly enjoying and engaging in sex even at a time a sword seems personally hanging over each sexually active man and woman’s head. At moments the director takes the dark humor of it all so far that we have to reassess our own proclivities, but in the very next moment he reiterates the fun of being a loving, sexual human simply trying to enjoy life in a world of fearful and greedy naysayers.

      Zero Patience, just as its title proclaims, will have no truck with those who cannot cry and laugh at the very same moment. And if you can’t possibly imagine a ghost popping up to give you a good boner, then you haven’t seen Fauteux as Zero, the beautiful hero happy suddenly to disappear from the screen.

     Greyson’s works are almost always a theater of contradictions, effusive and spare, visually colorful and bland, absurd and fiercely logical all at the very same moment. Although he permits a sensitive viewer to enjoy and even love his zany images and narrative illogic, there’s no possibility of getting too attached to what he’s representing or becoming sentimental over any of the multitude of messages the film delivers up. The villains win hands up, while those who honestly seek out the truth inevitably lose the battle. Yet a work like Zero Patience is still so celebratory that you simply have to give credence to its creators’ moxie.

 

Los Angeles, October 25, 2021

Reprinted from World Cinema Review (October 2021).  

Mark Christopher | The Dead Boy’s Club / 1992

dancing into the past

by Douglas Messerli

 

Mark Christopher (screenwriter and director) The Dead Boy’s Club / 1992

 

Iowa-born Mark Christopher is best known today for his 1998 film 54 about New York City’s renowned Studio 54, a movie starring Ryan Phillippe, Salma Hayek, Mike Myers, Neve Campbell, and numerous others which he later remade in a German-produced director’s cut in for the 2015 Berlin International Film Festival, restoring 45 minutes cut from the original. It was acclaimed as a modern classic as opposed the mostly negative reviews received for the earlier version.

     Before and since 54, however, Christopher directed three very well-received short films, most recently Heartland (2007), and earlier Alkali, Iowa (1995) and his first film, The Dead Boys’ Club (1992) which have all been popular on the LGBTQ film circuit.

     In his first film, a young man, Toby (Nat DeWolf), recently graduated from a college in Wisconsin, is visiting his older cousin Packard (Erik Van Der Wilden) in New York City.

     Packard is a gay man who has just lost his lover, John R., to AIDS, while his young cousin, although also gay, is shy and taken aback by the open sexuality of the New York City streets. Although he is clearly attracted to the men he encounters, he cannot seem to carry through with their invitations, tossing away, for example, a scrap of paper a cute man on the street, Dick (Matt Decker) has just handed him with his telephone number, hinting of a sexual tryst.


     Packard and his campy friend are busy packing up John’s possessions, a painful process for the older cousin as he is forced to face the remnants of their evidently fabulous relationship. In the pre-AIDS in which they lived, apparently John was a bar favorite, a sexually popular man who attracted nearly everyone he encountered.

     We know this, however, mostly through the presence of a kind of ghost of the dead man located, queerly enough, in his party shoes, which Packard presents as a gift to his young cousin. The minute Toby puts on the shoes, reminding one a little of Dorothy’s ruby slippers or the red shoes which refuse to leave Victoria Page’s feet in The Red Shoes, he is suddenly transported to another time and place, a bar filled with beautiful, half-naked men who dance and greet one another with sexual aplomb, all of them definitely exuding a kind of animal magnetism.

      Moreover, as Toby soon discovers, the minute he wears John’s shoes into public spaces, he too is suddenly transformed into a sexual being to whom nearly everyone he encounters is automatically attracted. The slightly plain-looking country boy immediately becomes a sexual object who others must possess and they, in turn, become themselves beautiful beings.

      Toby first discovers this phenomenon when he visits a gym locker room where the man dressing next to him (Erik Estrada) suddenly becomes a bronzed stud who is immediately entranced by the country boy and is ready to rush him naked into the shower until Toby unlaces and pulls off the shows, when his visions vanish, although the now lesser attractive gym-goer is still willing to follow through the sexual encounter. Toby, however, stunned by the transformations he has just witnessed feels almost “haunted” by the magic shoes, leaving them purposely behind in the locker.


      Soon after, however, they are delivered back to him, and Packard, about to take him out to his favorite bar, insists he wear them on the town. The minute Toby enters the bar, he is once more returned to the haunted world of beautiful men and is quickly grabbed up by Dick, the man he had encountered previously in the street, and taken off to his apartment. The boy wakes up in bed with the man lying naked next to him, still asleep after what has clearly been a night of intense love-making.

      He quickly dresses, suddenly discovering that in his pocket he still has his unopened packet containing a prophylactic. Horrified by the fact, he puts on the other man’s shoes and scurries off, his lover of the previous night turning over to reveal a couple of opened packets, making it clear to the audience that they had actually practiced safe sex, even while Toby remains ignorant of the fact.

      But Toby is now seriously troubled, particularly when Dick shows up with the shoes and demanding his own be returned. Scared by what the shoes do to him, he tosses them out the window where they immediately are scooped up by a street vendor who places them among the books and records for sale.

      After the funeral ceremony for Packard’s lover, Toby approaches his cousin to ask whether he believes that things can be possessed, like people, houses—shoes. Packard only laughs at the strange question, but admits that it is a difficult time for everyone.

      What we realize, obviously, is that John’s shoes reveal a past before AIDS when, as those who lived in the open sexual world of the 1970s and early 80s have mythologized it, everyone was young and dazzling, ready to tear off their clothes with a single glance. I was there; and it’s true, I assure you!

      Soon after, we see Toby purveying the street vendor’s albums, while covertly eyeing the magic shoes sitting nearby for sale. Although he has a record album in his hand, he quickly puts it back with the intention of buying back the shoes. But as he reaches for them another boy grabs them, another young man who soon may also be transported momentarily to a place from which those who might confirm its existence have mostly disappeared.

 

Los Angeles, March 19, 2021

Reprinted from My Queer Cinema blog (August 2025).

 

 

Douglas Messerli | Sixteen Films on AIDS: The Second Wave [Statement]

sixteen films on aids: the second wave

by Douglas Messerli

 

Quite by accident, yesterday I watched three short films from the early 1990s that dealt, in various, ways with the issue of AIDS. What is particularly interesting to find such a cluster of films from 1992 through 1994 is that this came several years after the intense commentaries of the 1980s, including, in the US, the groundbreaking works including Arthur J. Bressan’s Buddies and John Erman’s  An Early Frost, and the Canadian documentary No Sad Songs directed by Nik Sheehan, all in 1985; Bill Sherwood’s Parting Glances (1986); and Norman René’s Longtime Companion and Marlon Riggs’ Tongues Untied, both of 1989. In musical theater William Finn and James Lupine’s March of the Falsettos of 1981 must be mentioned in this context, and their 1990 second episode Falsettoland might be seen as a link between the later works I describe below (a film version of Falsettos appeared in 2017).

      Other, smaller films and numerous documentaries continued to be produced in the intervening years. But the next significant group of films concerned with AIDS, along with the 1991 theater premier of part 1 of Tony Kushner’s Angels in America represent what has been described by some as the “second wave” of such films which began appearing from 1993-1996 with the release of Jonathan Demme’s Philadelphia (1993) and the other fifteen films I review below, along with the Broadway premier of Kushner’s Angels (finally brought to the screen by Mike Nichols in 2003).

 


     In these films there are perhaps three major issues regarding AIDS. First the films, particularly Kushner’s great work, are, a summary of the entire subject, the period itself and what led to it. The vast scope of a works like And the Band Played On, Zero Patience, Days of Desperation, and Angels in America separates both the plays and the film apart from others, some of the best written in the very worst days of the pandemic, when not all the facts had yet been sorted out.

      These “second wave” films also reveal a great sense of nostalgia for a time before AIDS, and a sort of guilt for not having spoken up as others did earlier. Jeffrey, Chocolate Babies, and Alive and Kicking all betray a great deal of guilt and nostalgia, as well as, in particular, Demme’s Philadelphia, despite the latter’s rightful claim as being the first truly commercial representation of the issues. Yet, in its being so late to the cannibal feast one might describe Philadelphia as one of the least interesting of the dozens of notable movies about queer AIDS.

      Finally, these works begin to point to a time beyond AIDS, a time when drugs have been discovered that, despite their cost and sometimes painful counter-reactions in their patients, begin to extend the lives of HIV-positive individuals and signify a kind of return to normality. Although one must be careful in stating this concept since being HIV-positive will perhaps never been “normal,” even if today’s TV ads suggest that one can go about living an actively everyday life. And with the recent cuts—a terrible repeat of history—of funding for those redemptive medicines in poor countries and the research to actually find a complete cure (particularly when such a cure is so very close) I am afraid that such a future world without this disease must be postponed. That there are still numerous AIDS films in the new century speaks to the endless disaster of this killer. And there has yet to be a film that adequately deals with the major changes in gay life that AIDS has resulted in—not only because of all the brilliant and talented individuals who died, along with many of their supporters and audiences, but on account of the radical changes it has meant socially for the gay community which perhaps can never again reset its collective mind to the pre-1980s attitudes that sex is an innocent pleasure to be openly explored while youth endures. The gay community lost its innocence with the spectre of AIDS, a sense of freedom that may never be fully reclaimed.

 

Los Angeles, March 19, 2021; revised and expanded on August 12, 2025

Reprinted from My Queer Cinema blog (August 2025).

Index R-Z

Angelo Raaijmakers I, Adonis / 2021 Peeter Rabane Firebird / 2021   Tyler Rabinowitz Catalina / 2022 Tyler Rabinowitz See You Soon / 20...