emptying the past
by Douglas Messerli
Jean Cayrol (screenplay), Alain Resnais
(director) Muriel ou le temps d'un retour (Muriel) / 1963
Resnais' films, for the most part, concern
memory and the relationship between the past and the present, and Muriel
is one of the best examples of his art.
Hélène (Delphine Seyrig), an antique dealer who uses her own
Boulogne-sur-Mer apartment as her showroom, lives with her stepson, Bernard
(Jean-Baptiste Thiérrée). Both have had troubled pasts: Hélène survived the
war, but lost, apparently, almost everything else. Bernard, who served in
Algeria, is troubled by events of that war revealed through the boy’s journal,
including the torturing of a young Algerian girl, Muriel, in which he passively
participated; the girl was eventually murdered by other members of his platoon,
led by Robert, who has also returned to Boulogne-sur-Mer.
She closed her eyes and
vomited...Robert backed away. I left them.
I came back to see her that
night, raised the cover...Like she'd been
long in water...a ripped-open
sack of potatoes...blood all over her,
in her hair...burns on her
breasts...Her eyes were not shut...I didn't
feel much, nothing at all
perhaps. I went to bed...slept well. Next day
before Reveille....
Into this troubled family comes Alphonse Noyard, a former lover of
Hélène's, a man with whom she is still in love. Throughout the film they subtly
blame each other for the failure of the relationship which might have ended in
marriage while they still feebly attempt to rekindle their feelings for one
another. With Alphonse comes Françoise, portraying herself as his niece, but
who, in fact, is Alphonse's lover.
On
the surface the reunion of this couple and the intervention into Bernard's life
by the attractive Françoise, reminds one of a soap-opera, and Resnais,
particularly in the first scenes, when he briefly freezes the frame of these
characters' faces revealing their inner turmoil as opposed to the patter of
their ordinary conversation, creates almost melodramatic tableau vivants
of their interactions. The director further extends that feeling to the film by
using pieces from an opera by composer Hans Werner Henze as the film's score.
This intensifies the film's highly artificed sensibility, which along with its
long tracking shots and quick cuts between faces and body parts not only
contributes to the characters' sense of isolation but helps to reiterate their
fragile mental states. Moreover, Bernard is himself a photographer, spending
much of the film behind the camera or distracting others from his behavior
through costumes and tricks.
Throughout the film, the central figures attempt to present a sense of
normalcy, but nothing about their interrelationships is ordinary. Hélène rushes
to the train station to meet Alphonse, only to find the station empty; even as
she invites Alphonse and Françoise to make themselves at home in her apartment,
we discover that nearly all of the abode's contents are for sale, and she
quickly leaves her two guests for a date with her friend Roland, an opportunity
for her to gamble at the local casino.
Bernard greets the two guests with a sullen quietude and silly
child-like actions such as pulling out a scorpion he keeps in a matchbox, all
of which ends, strangely enough, with Françoise and him running off into the
night, he, in turn, leaving her to her own devices in a strange city.
In
Resnais' landscape day suddenly turns into night, characters we have never met
briefly intrude upon the scene, and dialogue emanates from voices off screen.
Slowly, however, through the characters' pretended sociability, their
sudden accusations, and self-justifications, we begin to piece together these
people's lives. The relationship between Hélène and Alphonse, we discover, was
not as loving as both of them would like to remember, and may have resulted
(suggested in the penultimate scene in the movie) in an unwanted child, which
may also explain Hélène's desperate attempts throughout to raise cash, both
through loans and gambling. Alphonse has come to Boulogne, in part, to escape
his wife Simone and the failure of his restaurant; by film's end, his
brother-in-law comes to fetch him before he escapes once again.
The
relationship between Bernard and Robert, the story hints, may represent more a
kind of unspoken homosexual love story than a tale of anger and hate for the
murder of the Algerian girl. Clearly, there is a more powerful relationship
between the two men than between Bernard and his girlfriend, Marie-Do, or
another possible suitor, Françoise. Late in the film Bernard reveals the deep
bond between him and his stepmother. Bernard, moreover, shoots and kills Robert
not only out of revenge for Robert's war crimes and his current right-wing
activities, but perhaps as much for his more personal betrayal of their love.
There is no way, in short, to return. The past cannot be recaptured or
bottled up. Like the local building Roland describes who everyone in Boulogne
is waiting to fall from its cliff, the past will ultimately crumble, destroying
those entrapped within its confines.
The
very last scene of Resnais' great film captures Simone, Alphonse's wife, having
come to Boulogne to find him. She opens the door to Hélène's antique world to
find it completely empty of people.
Los Angeles, December 7, 2009 | Reprinted from Green Integer Blog (December 2009).
.png)
